11 ”See, my father, see the corner of your robe in my hand. For by the fact that I cut off the corner of your robe and did not kill you, you may know and see that there is no wrong or treason in my hands. I have not sinned against you, though you hunt my life to take it. 12 May the Lord judge between me and you, may the Lord avenge me against you, but my hand shall not be against you. 13 As the proverb of the ancients says, ‘Out of the wicked comes wickedness.’ But my hand shall not be against you. 14 After whom has the king of Israel come out? After whom do you pursue? After a dead dog! After a flea! 15 May the Lord therefore be judge and give sentence between me and you, and see to it and plead my cause and deliver me from your hand.”
16 As soon as David had finished speaking these words to Saul, Saul said, “Is this your voice, my son David?” And Saul lifted up his voice and wept. 17 He said to David, “You are more righteous than I, for you have repaid me good, whereas I have repaid you evil. 18 And you have declared this day how you have dealt well with me, in that you did not kill me when the Lord put me into your hands. 19 For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go away safe? So may the Lord reward you with good for what you have done to me this day. 20 And now, behold, I know that you shall surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in your hand. 21 Swear to me therefore by the Lord that you will not cut off my offspring after me, and that you will not destroy my name out of my father’s house.” 22 And David swore this to Saul. Then Saul went home, but David and his men went up to the stronghold. – 1 Samuel 24:11-22 ESV
Some struggle with the Bible’s references to David being “a man after God’s own heart” (1 Samuel 13:14; Acts 13:22). After all, this is the man who committed adultery with Bathsheba, then had her husband killed so he could marry her. He was far from perfect, either morally or spiritually. So why does he deserve to be called a man after God’s own heart?
Today’s passage provides some insight into what God saw in this conflicted and rather complicated young man. Under the worst of conditions and after a great deal of stress and emotional duress, David reveals his true heart, providing a stark contrast to the man who served as his king, employer, mentor, and potential executioner.
David has just passed on the opportunity to take Saul’s life. He had the motive, the means, and the full support of his men but he refused to act, telling his men, “The Lord forbid that I should do this to my lord the king. I shouldn’t attack the Lord’s anointed one, for the Lord himself has chosen him” (1 Samuel 24:6 NLT). Instead of taking Saul’s life in the inner recesses of that cave, he allowed Saul to walk out with his life, but missing a small section of the hem of his royal robe.
When Saul stepped out of the cave and into the light of day, David followed and confronted him. He called out to Saul, addressing him as “My lord the king!” (1 Samuel 24:8 ESV). David didn’t taunt Saul or issue threats; he showed the king honor and respect. There was no screaming, no angry accusations, no claims to be holding the moral high ground. All David wanted to do was to assure Saul that he had nothing to fear. David was not attempting to usurp his throne or take his life. He was still a loyal servant of the king and recognized Saul as the Lord’s anointed (vs. 10).
David started out his address to Saul by referring to him as king. But then he shifted his emphasis, calling Saul, “father” (vs. 11). David was Saul’s son-in-law, but he also viewed Saul as his mentor. He had been Saul’s armor bearer and court musician. He had lived in the palace, served at the king’s side, and ministered to Saul in some of his most dark and lonely moments, playing his lyre to calm Saul’s tormented heart. David had proven to be faithful, serving as one of Saul’s commanders and successfully defeating the enemies of Israel – even while on the run.
He had faithfully continued to serve the king, even while Saul obsessively sought to kill him. So David told Saul, “May the Lord judge between me and you, may the Lord avenge me against you, but my hand shall not be against you” (1 Samuel 24:12 ESV). This is probably the most vivid explanation for David’s designation as a man after God’s own heart. Despite all he had been through and the countless reasons to justify his right to take action against Saul, he responded with self-restraint, focusing his attention on God, rather than Saul. At no point does he judge or accuse Saul. David even gave Saul the benefit of the doubt, excusing his actions as nothing more than the result of bad advice. David was going to leave any vengeance and judgment up to God. As far as David was concerned, If there was any avenging to be done, he would leave that in God’s hands. David was going to trust God.
The heart of David is best seen in the many psalms he wrote. Psalm 57 was written during some of the most difficult days of his life, as he sought to escape Saul’s wrath and found himself living the life of a common criminal. His fall from grace had been surprising and severe. In record time, he had gone from living in the royal residence as the king’s son-in-law to hiding in caves as the king’s number-one enemy. Yet, despite his less-than-ideal circumstances, David remained committed to God and looked to Him for help and hope.
Have mercy on me, O God, have mercy!
I look to you for protection.
I will hide beneath the shadow of your wings
until the danger passes by.
I cry out to God Most High,
to God who will fulfill his purpose for me.
He will send help from heaven to rescue me,
disgracing those who hound me.
My God will send forth his unfailing love and faithfulness. – Psalm 57:1-3 NLT
Psalm 142 was also written during the same period of David’s life and reflects the intense loneliness and despair he felt as he wrestled with the inexplicable actions of his father-in-law. David was surrounded by friends and faithful followers, but he couldn’t help but feel isolated and alone. He was the focus of Saul’s anger and vengeance but was also expected to be the provider and protector of all those under his care. In his moments of doubt and desperation, David turned to God.
I look for someone to come and help me,
but no one gives me a passing thought!
No one will help me;
no one cares a bit what happens to me.
Then I pray to you, O Lord.
I say, “You are my place of refuge.
You are all I really want in life.” – Psalm 142:4-5 NLT
David had a heart for God. He sought after God. He trusted in God. During his darkest days, he called out to God, seeking divine deliverance and direction.
As the two men stood outside the cave, David tried to convince Saul that his relentless manhunt was unnecessary. As far as David was concerned, Saul was the king and would remain so until God deemed otherwise. So, he had nothing to fear.
Amazingly, David’s words made an impact on Saul; he was legitimately moved by what he heard. Even he saw the stark contrast between his heart and that of David. Perhaps Saul was affected by the words of the ancient proverb that David quoted: “Out of the wicked comes wickedness.”
This simple truism must have given Saul a sobering glimpse into the darkness of his own heart. He knew what he was doing was wrong. The prophet Samuel had already warned him that his days were numbered. It was only a matter of time before his reign came to an end and his God-ordained replacement took over, and Saul knew the identity of that man. His obsession with killing David was nothing more than an attempt to thwart the will of God and prolong his reign. His actions were a byproduct of his wicked heart.
Many years later, Solomon, the son of David, would record the following proverb: “Keep your heart with all vigilance, for from it flow the springs of life” (Proverbs 4:23 ESV). Jesus echoed those words when He told His disciples, “…what comes out of the mouth proceeds from the heart, and this defiles a person. For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false witness, slander. These are what defile a person” (Matthew 15:18-20 ESV).
As David stood before Saul that day, he provided him with a less-than-flattering reminder of all that he had become. David served as a stark counterpoint to Saul’s godlessness, heartlessness, faithlessness, and self-centeredness. As these two men faced one another, Saul couldn’t help but recognize the contrast between them and responded, “You are more innocent than I, for you have treated me well, even though I have tried to harm you” (1 Samuel 24:17 NLT).
These two men, one the anointed king of Israel and the other, the anointed king-elect of Israel, could not have been more different. But the greatest contrast between the two of them was not external, but internal. It was the spiritual condition of their hearts that set them apart. David was committed to seeing his life through the lens of God’s sovereignty. He was going to trust in God’s will and leave his life in God’s all-powerful hands.
Saul was committed to preserving his own legacy, at all costs – even attempting to thwart the revealed will of God. He was a man after his own heart, not God’s. He was self-consumed and overly obsessed with doing whatever he had to do to protect his way of life. As he stood there that day, in a face-to-face encounter with David, he got a glimpse into the true condition of his heart. He was convicted. He even showed remorse and feigned repentance. Confronted by the character of David, Saul walked away but his heart remained unchanged.
In His Sermon on the Mount, Jesus leveled an indictment against the false prophets of His day. He accused these men of being hypocritical and duplicitous and warned His disciples to ignore their words and take careful note of their actions. Jesus’ timeless admonition could just as easily be applied to the situation between Saul and David.
“You can identify them by their fruit, that is, by the way they act. Can you pick grapes from thornbushes, or figs from thistles? A good tree produces good fruit, and a bad tree produces bad fruit. A good tree can’t produce bad fruit, and a bad tree can’t produce good fruit. So every tree that does not produce good fruit is chopped down and thrown into the fire. Yes, just as you can identify a tree by its fruit, so you can identify people by their actions.” – Matthew 7:16-20 NLT
David’s actions revealed the true nature of his heart. He was committed to doing what was right and was willing to honor the king even if it meant further suffering and heartache for himself. He had not been given permission to take Saul’s life. Even when faced with the opportunity to kill Saul in the cave, David acted in keeping with his heart.
Yet, as time will tell, Saul’s outward display of remorse and repentance will prove shortlived. His heart had been exposed as what it really was: Dark, diseased, and devoid of a healthy relationship with God. But seeing the true condition of his heart would not be enough to change his behavior. He would soon provide ample proof that the words of Jesus were true. A bad tree can’t produce good fruit.
English Standard Version (ESV) The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. ESV® Permanent Text Edition® (2016). Copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.
New Living Translation (NLT) Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.